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1.
Clinics ; 71(2): 62-68, Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-774533

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify a cutoff value based on the Percentage of Consonants Correct-Revised index that could indicate the likelihood of a child with a speech-sound disorder also having a (central) auditory processing disorder . METHODS: Language, audiological and (central) auditory processing evaluations were administered. The participants were 27 subjects with speech-sound disorders aged 7 to 10 years and 11 months who were divided into two different groups according to their (central) auditory processing evaluation results. RESULTS: When a (central) auditory processing disorder was present in association with a speech disorder, the children tended to have lower scores on phonological assessments. A greater severity of speech disorder was related to a greater probability of the child having a (central) auditory processing disorder. The use of a cutoff value for the Percentage of Consonants Correct-Revised index successfully distinguished between children with and without a (central) auditory processing disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of speech-sound disorder in children was influenced by the presence of (central) auditory processing disorder. The attempt to identify a cutoff value based on a severity index was successful.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Language Development Disorders/diagnosis , Speech Sound Disorder/diagnosis , Language Development Disorders/complications , Language Tests/standards , Sensitivity and Specificity , Severity of Illness Index , Speech Articulation Tests/standards , Speech Sound Disorder/etiology
2.
São Paulo med. j ; 125(6): 309-314, Nov. 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-476088

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Some factors seem to influence speech impairment among phonologically disordered children. The aim was to compare severity indices with some correlated factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational, analytical and cross-sectional study conducted within the Language-Speech-Hearing Sciences Course, Universidade de São Paulo. METHOD: Fifty phonologically disordered children with ages ranging from 4 to 11 years took part. The indices were calculated from phonology tests and were correlated with anamnesis and audiological data. Student’s t test and Spearman’s correlation were used to compare percentages of consonants correct (PCC) and process density index (PDI) for children with and without otitis, upper respiratory histories and audiological abnormalities, with regard to whether or not they were comprehended during assessment, their ages when they started to speak and their ages at the assessment. RESULTS: The higher the age at the assessment was, the higher the PCC (imitation: 0.468; naming: 0.431; Spearman’s correlation) and the lower the PDI (imitation: 0.459; naming: 0.431); the later the child started to speak, the lower the PCC (imitation p = 0.064; naming p = 0.050) and the higher the PDI (imitation p = 0.067; naming p = 0.042). There were differences between groups with and without upper respiratory history (PCC: imitation p = 0.016, naming p = 0.005; PDI: imitation p = 0.014, naming p = 0.008). There was no difference between the groups regarding otitis, comprehension during the assessment and audiological data. CONCLUSIONS: Children with upper respiratory histories who began to speak later presented more severe speech impairment indices.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Alguns fatores parecem influenciar a gravidade dos distúrbios de fala em crianças com transtorno fonológico. O objetivo foi comparar índices de gravidade e fatores correlatos. DESENHO E LOCAL: Observacional, analítico, transversal. Curso de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade de São Paulo. MÉTODO: Cinqüenta crianças com transtorno fonológico, entre 4 e 11 anos. Calcularam-se os índices nos testes de fonologia e correlacionaram-nos com dados de anamnese e audiometria. O teste t de Student e a correlação de Spearman compararam a Porcentagem de Consoantes Corretas (PCC) e a Densidade de Processos Fonológicos (DPF) em crianças com e sem otite e história de infecções de vias aéreas superiores, alteração de audiometria, se eram ou não compreendidas na época da avaliação e quando começaram a falar e a idade em que começaram a falar e na avaliação. RESULTADOS: Quanto mais velha a criança na avaliação, maior a PCC (correlação de Spearman: 0,468, imitação; 0,431, nomeação) e menor a DPF (0,459, imitação; 0,431, nomeação); quanto mais tarde a criança começou a falar, menor a PCC (imitação p = 0,064; nomeação p = 0,050) e maior a DPF (imitação p = 0,067; nomeação p = 0,042). Observaram-se diferenças nas crianças com e sem infecções de vias aéreas (PCC: imitação: p = 0,016; nomeação: p = 0,005; DPF: imitação: p = 0,014 e nomeação: p = 0,008). Não houve diferença quanto à otite, compreensão na avaliação e audiometria. CONCLUSÃO: Crianças com história de infecções de vias aéreas e que começaram a falar mais tarde apresentaram maior comprometimento de índices de gravidade.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Language Development Disorders/diagnosis , Otitis/complications , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Speech Articulation Tests/methods , Speech Disorders/diagnosis , Speech Perception/physiology , Age Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Language Development Disorders/etiology , Phonetics , Severity of Illness Index , Speech Articulation Tests/standards , Speech Disorders/etiology , Speech Intelligibility
3.
Pró-fono ; 18(3): 303-312, set.-dez. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-440652

ABSTRACT

TEMA: transtorno fonológico. OBJETIVO: verificar a associação entre o desempenho fonológico nas provas de nomeação e de imitação medido pela ocorrência dos processos fonológicos e pelos índices de gravidade Porcentagem de Consoantes Corretas e Densidade de Processos Fonológicos. MÉTODO: participaram da pesquisa 50 crianças com diagnóstico de transtorno fonológico sem terapia fonoaudiológica prévia e com idade entre 4:0 e 12 anos. RESULTADOS: A análise dos processos fonológicos evidenciou que os não-produtivos foram registrados em maior número do que os processos produtivos tanto na prova de nomeação quanto de imitação. Observou-se que em ambas as provas, mais sujeitos apresentaram os processos simplificação do encontro consonantal, simplificação de líquidas e eliminação da consoante final, independentemente da produtividade. Na comparação das duas provas houve associação e concordância quanto ao número de sujeitos que apresentou processos fonológicos bem como correlação para o número total de processos fonológicos; não houve evidências de diferenças nas médias do total de processos fonológicos ocorridos nas provas de nomeação e imitação; observou-se correlação negativa entre os índices de gravidade Porcentagem de Consoantes Corretas e Densidade de Processos Fonológicos estudados, além de que os seus valores nas duas provas apresentaram forte correlação indicando que detectam grau de gravidade semelhante. CONCLUSÃO: verificou-se a associação e a concordância entre as provas de imitação e de nomeação, tanto para o número de sujeitos que apresentou processos fonológicos como para o número de ocorrências de processos fonológicos, evidenciando a importância de provas estruturadas para o diagnóstico do transtorno fonológico. Além disso, para os índices de gravidade Porcentagem de Consoantes Corretas e Densidade de Processos Fonológicos, observou-se alta correlação entre as provas, confirmando que ambas são instrumentos adequados para a detecção ...


BACKGROUND: phonological disorder. AIM: to verify the association between the phonological performance in picture naming and imitation tasks, assessing the occurrence of phonological processes and using the severity indexes of Percentage of Correct Consonants and Phonological Density Index. METHOD: participants of this research were 50 phonologically disordered children, with no history of prior speech-language therapy and with ages between 4:0 and 12 years. RESULTS: The analysis of the phonological processes indicated that the non-productive processes were more frequent than the productive ones, not only in the imitation task but also in the picture naming task. It was observed that in both tasks, most participants presented the phonological processes of cluster reduction, liquid simplification and final consonant deletion, independently of their productivity. When comparing both tasks, there was an association and agreement regarding the number of participants who presented phonological processes as well as a correlation regarding the total number of phonological processes; there was no evidence of differences concerning the averages of the phonological processes observed in the imitation and picture naming tasks; a negative correlation was observed between the severity indexes Percentage of Correct Consonants and Phonological Density Index; moreover, these values presented a strong correlation in both tests, indicating that they detect similar severity levels. CONCLUSION: the study verified an association and agreement between the picture naming and imitation tasks, not only for the number of participants who presented phonological processes, but also for the number of phonological processes, thus indicating the importance of using structured tests for the diagnosis of phonological disorder. Furthermore, for the severity indexes, Percentage of Correct Consonants and Phonological Density Index, a high correlation was observed between ...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Articulation Disorders/diagnosis , Child Language , Speech Articulation Tests/standards , Speech Discrimination Tests/standards , Speech Intelligibility , Statistics, Nonparametric , Speech Discrimination Tests/methods , Speech Discrimination Tests/statistics & numerical data , Verbal Behavior , Vocabulary
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